A CIDADE E O PENSAMENTO MÉDICO: UMA LEITURA DO ESPAÇO URBANO
Abstract
Um novo olhar sobre a cidade se desenha no século XVIII e XIX. Os médicos, fundamentados em teorias que localizam a doença no meio ambiente, elaboram discurso que se propõe a medicalizar o espaço e a sociedade, influenciando as práticas e as políticas urbanas. Tratados de Higiene Pública sugerem normas de construção, repercutindo nos Códigos de Posturas e legislações. Uma nova concepção de cidade emerge e um novo espaço urbano se estrutura com base no discurso médico neohipocrático dominante no século XIX. A análise dos Códigos de Posturas da cidade de Fortaleza demonstra a força deste discurso no disciplinamento do modo de vida da população, na organização do espaço urbano e na normatização das edificações.
Palavras chave: higienismo, teorias médicas, espaço urbano.
ABSTRACT
A new perception of cities appears between 18th and 20th centuries. Physiciens, based on theories that place the illness in the environment, define a speech proposing the «medicalization» of space and society. These speeches mark practices and urban politics. Treaties of Public Hygiene indicate the controlled of construction that touch codes of behavior and other urban legislations. Taken by a logic medical neo-hipocratique view of the 19th century, appears a new conception of city that structures itself a new urban space. The analyze of behavior codes in Fortaleza City (Northeast Brazil) puts in evidence the importance of these speeches for the local way of life and for the normalization of the urban space.
Key words: Hygienism, Medical Theories, Urban space.
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