IDENTIFICAÇÃO E MAPEAMENTO DAS MATAS SECAS ASSOCIADAS AO CARSTE CARBONÁTICO DE SANTO HIPÓLITO E MONJOLOS (identification and mapping of dry forests associated to carbonate karst of Santo Hipolito and Monjolos)
Abstract
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e mapear a ocorrência das matas secas (Florestas Estacionais Deciduais) associadas aos carbonatos do Grupo Bambuí, na região do carste de Santo Hipólito e Monjolos - Minas Gerais. A área de estudos situa-se na Depressão Periférica do São Francisco, próximo à borda oeste da Cordilheira do Espinhaço. As matas secas carbonáticas geralmente são encontradas nas áreas de interflúvio da paisagem e sua importância nos ecossistemas cársticos está associada às zonas de recarga, além da inserção de parte da biomassa em ambiente endocárstico (cavernícola). São, por isso, de crucial destaque nos sistemas cársticos. A relevância do estudo na região faz-se em termos históricos, visto que, no século XIX o naturalista dinamarquês Peter W. Lund visitou a região. Em termos biogeográficos a área está localizada na porção do contato entre as matas secas e os campos rupestres do Espinhaço, fisionomias do bioma Cerrado. Sua preservação faz-se necessária para reduzir os impactos no ambiente natural e humano. Para a identificação das matas secas carbonáticas foram utilizadas imagens do satélite Landsat 5 e também controle de campo. A metodologia empregada no trabalho fora adaptada para o carste tropical a partir da proposta de Kokalj e Oštir (2007) que identificaram através de técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto os diferentes usos da terra (inclusive as florestas deciduais [deciduous forest] ) na região do carste clássico esloveno.
Palavras-chave: Matas Secas, Carste, Santo Hipólito, Monjolos.
ABSTRACT
This study is planned to identify and map the occurrence of dry forests (Seasonal Dry Forests or Florestas Estacionais Deciduais) associated with carbonates of the Bambuí Group in the karst region of Santo Hipólito and Monjolos - Minas Gerais. The dry forests in carbonates are typically found at interfluvial landscapes presenting an expressive importance in the ecosystem especially for being associated with karst recharge areas, as well as supplying biomass to the endokarst environment. Therefore, seasonal dry forests are crucial for karst systems and caves. The historical significance of the mentioned region is confirmed by the visits of the Danish naturalist Peter W. Lund in the nineteenth century. In biogeographical terms, the area is located in the contact zone between the dry forests and mountainous fields (rupestral fields or campos rupestres) of the Espinhaço ridge. The preservation of such biomes is necessary to reduce impacts on natural and man-made environments. For the identification of carbonate dry forests, the authors used Landsat 5 images with field control. The methodology was adapted to be used in the tropical karst and is based on the proposal by Kokalj and Oštir (2007) who identified through remote sensing techniques different land uses (including deciduous forests) in the Slovene “classical karst”.
Key words: Dry forests, Karst, Santo Hipólito, Monjolos.
RESUME
Le but de ce travail est d’identifier et cartographier les “matas secas” (Forêts Saisonnières Caducifoliées) associées aux roches carbonatées du Groupe Bambuí, dans, le karst de Santo Hipólito et Monjolos – Minas Gerais. Le terrain de recherche se situe dans la Dépression Périphérique du São Francisco, proche de la borde occidentale de la Chaîne de l’Espinhaço. Les “forêts sèches” carbonatées se trouvent en général sur les interfluves du paysage et son importance dans les écossystèmes karstiques est associée aux zones de recharge e aussi à l’environnement endokarstique (c’est-à-dire, des cavernes). Elles ont, donc, un rôle fondamental dans les systèmes karstiques. L’importance de l’étude de la région est aussi dans l’histoire, vu que elle a reçu, au XIXe siècle, la visite du grand chercheur danois Peter W. Lund. En ce qui concerne la biogéographie, cette région se situe dans l’aire de contact entre les “matas secas” et les champs rupestres de l’Espinhaço, c’est-à-dire dans le biome du Cerrado. La préservation est nécessaire pour reduire les impacts sur les environnements naturel et humain. Dans l’identification des “matas secas” carbonateés, on a utilisé des images satéllitaires Landsat 5 et, naturellement, des contrôles sur le terrain. La méthode employée a été adaptée aux conditions du karst tropical à partir de la proposition de Kokalj et Oštir (2007), qui ont indentifié, par télédetection, plusieurs types d’utilisation du sol (y compris les forêts caducifoliées) dans le karst classique de la Slovénie.
Mots clés: Matas Secas, Karst, Santo Hipólito, Monjolos.
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