ASPECTOS GERAIS DA EROSÃO COSTEIRA NO BRASIL (general aspects of coastal erosion in Brazil)
Abstract
Erosão ao longo do litoral brasileiro, apesar de sua ocorrência generalizada, e em alguns casos até bastante severa, não chega a constituir uma ameaça quando se considera a orla costeira como um todo. Os maiores problemas estão freqüentemente associados à intervenção do homem no fluxo de sedimentos ou à morfo-dinâmica de desembocaduras fluviais. No entanto, vulnerabilidade regional ocorre em áreas de perda permanente de sedimentos ou devido a fenômenos de subsidência. Diferenciações regionais nas forçantes climatológicas e oceanográficas impõem esposta diferenciadas aos variados ambientes geológico-geomorfológicos. Sete compartimentos costeiros distintos são analisados, abrangendo o litoral lamoso do Amapá, sob influência do aporte sedimentar do Amazonas, a costa semi-árida do Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte com a transferência de sedimentos para os campos de dunas, o litoral dos duplos cordões litorâneos do Rio de Janeiro e das barreiras múltiplas do Rio Grande do Sul.
Palavras chave: Erosão costeira, vulnerabilidade, Brasil.
ABSTRACT
Coastal erosion along the Brazilian shoreline although widespread and in some segment severe is not yet a erious threat considering the coast as a whole. Major problems are most frequently associated to human intervention in the sediment flux or associated to the morphodynamic of river mouth. But, regional vulnerability also occurs in areas of permanent loss of sediments or due to tectonic subsidence. Regionally differentiated climatologic and oceanographic forcing mechanisms impose different responses to the also varied geologic-geomorphologic environments. Seven distinct coastal environment are analyzed, ranging from the muddy coast of Amapá under strong influence of sediments from the Amazon river, to the semi-arid coast of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte with permanent loss of sediments to the dune fields as also localized erosion of sedimentary cliffs, to the double barrier coast of Rio de Janeiro and the multiple barrier coast of the subtropical Rio Grande do Sul.
Key Words: Coastal erosion, coastal vulnerability, Brazil.
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