LA HIDROCLIMATOLOGÍA E IMPACTOS AMBIENTALES: degradación ambiental y desertificación (hydroclimatology and environmental impacts: environmental degradation and desertification)
Abstract
Actualmente se asume que el proceso de la desertificación es el resultado de la combinación de un número considerable de factores climáticos, geográficos, topográficos, hidrológicos, edáficos, bióticos que interactúan con las actividades humanas negativamente sobre el medio ambiente a diferentes escalas. Este proceso constituye un problema medioambiental de primera magnitud que se acentúa y se agrava en las zonas semiáridas. El suelo es un elemento muy importante de los ecosistemas que cumple una serie de funciones básicas edioambientales y socio-económicas que está a su vez influenciado por los factores ambientales. En efecto, de la misma anera que determinados cambios climáticos influenciados por la actividad humana provocan el proceso de la desertificación, los cambios en las propiedades del suelo causados por la intervención humana conllevan mecanismos de la pérdida de sus funciones ecológicas básicas, siendo un síntoma claro de su degradación, de la pérdida de la calidad ambiental y de la desertificación en extensas áreas del Planeta. En el presente trabajo se sostiene la idea de que los estudios dedicados a la evaluación de la degradación y la calidad del suelo a partir de sus indicadores, es una metodología válida para caracterizar áreas degradadas susceptibles al proceso de la desertificación, así como para promover acciones que ayuden a combatirla.
Palavras chave: desertificación, zonas semiáridas.
ABSTRACT
At the moment it is assumed that the process of the desertification is the result of the combination of a considerable number of climatic, geographical, topographical, hydrological factors, edaphics, biotics that interact with the human activities negatively on the environment to different scales. This process constitutes an environmental problem of first magnitude that is accentuated and it is increased in the semi-arid areas. The floor is a very important element of the ecosystems that completes a series of environmental and socio-economic basic functions that is in turn influenced by the environmental factors. Indeed, in the same way that certain climatic changes influenced by the human activity cause the process of the desertification, the changes in the properties of the soil caused by the human interve bear mechanisms of the loss of their basic ecological functions, being a clear symptom of their degradation, of the loss of the environmental quality and of the desertification in extensive areas of the Planet. Presently work is sustained the idea that the studies dedicated to the evaluation of the degradation and the quality of the soil starting from its indicators, it is a valid methodology to characterize susceptible degraded areas to the process of the desertification, as well as to promote actions that you can help to combat it.
Key words: desertification, semi-arid areas.
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