EXPANSÃO ECONÔMICA E REESTRUTURAÇÃO PRODUTIVA NO BRASIL (economic expansion and productive restructuring in Brazil)
Abstract
A reestruturação produtiva tornou-se expressiva a partir da década de 1970 e derivou do fortalecimento do padrão flexível, em detrimento do modelo fordista de acumulação. Tal movimento foi marcado pelo avanço da informática e da microeletrônica, bem como pela redução da capacidade de intervenção e regulação econômica dos Estados nacionais. No caso brasileiro, a reestruturação produtiva tornou-se expressiva somente depois da década de 1990, mas desde os anos 1970 seus efeitos passaram a ser sentidos. A desconcentração da atividade econômica do Sudeste para outras regiões do país se constituiu num desses efeitos, pois os avanços nas áreas de comunicações e transportes tornaram possível o deslocamento da produção, aproveitando-se da disponibilidade de mão-de-obra, recursos naturais e incentivos fiscais e financeiros, além da manutenção da gestão dos empreendimentos em pontos estratégicos do território. No período compreendido entre 1970 e 2010 houve maior expansão do PIB das macrorregiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste e retração do Sudeste, em todo o período, e do Sul, a partir dos anos 1990. Desde os anos 1970, mas principalmente a partir da década de 1990, a inserção das regiões na matriz produtiva tem se dado de forma ativa e passiva, com predomínio da forma passiva.Palavras-chaves: Reestruturação produtiva, Expansão econômica, Estado, Região.
ABSTRACT
Productive restructuring has become substantial from the 1970s deriving from strengthening of the flexible pattern, instead of the accumulation Fordist model. Such movement was characterized by computing and microelectronics advances, as well as the reduction of intervention capacity and economic regulation of the national states. In the Brazilian case, production restructuring has become substantial only after the 1990s, but since the 1970s the effects began to be experienced. The deconcentration of South East to other areas of the country was constituted as one of these effects, because of the advances in communication and transportation that made possible the shifting of production, taking advantage of the availability of skilled manpower, natural resources and tax and financial incentives, as well as management of maintenance projects in strategic planning. During the period from 1970 to 2010, there was a greater GDP growth in North, Northeast and Midwest while Southeast macro-regions downturn throughout the period, as well as the South after the 1990s. Since the 1970s, but mostly from the 1990s, the inclusion of regions into the productive matrix has occurred in an active and passive way, with the passive one being predominant.
Key words: Production restructuring, Economic expansion, State, Region.
RESUME
La restructuration de la production a pris de l’importance depuis les années 1970 et provient du renforcement de la norme souple, au lieu du modèle fordiste d’accumulation. Ce déplacement est marquée par les progrès de l’informatique et de la microélectronique, ainsi que par la réduction de la capacité d’intervention et de régulation économique des Etats nationaux. En ce qui concerne le Brésil, la restructuration de la production est devenue significative uniquement après les années 1990, mais a partir des années 1970 les effets ont commencé à se faire sentir. La déconcentration du Sud-Est vers d’autres régions du pays a été formé dans ces effets, en raison du progrès de la communications et du transport ont permis le déplacement de la production, profitant de la disponibilité de main-d’œuvre qualifiée, les ressources naturelles et les incitations budgétaire et financière, et la gestion des projets de maintenance dans la planification stratégique. Pendant la période entre 1970 et 2010, il ya eu une croissance supérieure du PIB de macro-régions du Nord, Nord-Est et le Midwest et le retrait du Sud-Est tout au long de la période, et le Sudà partir des années 1990. Depuis les années 1970, mais surtout depuis les années 1990, l’intégration des régions dans la matrice productive s’est produite activement et passivement, avec prédominance passive.
Mots clés: Restructuration productive, Expansion économique, Etat, Région. DOI:
Published
11/09/2013
How to Cite
HESPANHOL, Antônio Nivaldo.
EXPANSÃO ECONÔMICA E REESTRUTURAÇÃO PRODUTIVA NO BRASIL (economic expansion and productive restructuring in Brazil).
Mercator, Fortaleza, v. 12, n. 2, p. 55 a 64, sep. 2013.
ISSN 1984-2201.
Available at: <http://www.mercator.ufc.br/mercator/article/view/1173>. Date accessed: 01 may 2025.
Section
ARTICLES
Keywords
Reestruturação produtiva, Expansão econômica, Estado, Região.
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