CRESCIMENTO URBANO E PROBLEMAS SOCIOESPACIAIS: um estudo da periferia de Natal (urban enlargement and social and spatial problems:a study of Natal’s poor outskirts)
Abstract
Este ";;paper";; procura analisar os problemas socioespaciais de Natal decorrentes do seu crescimento, reflexo do modelo econômico que, para atender aos seus interesses, impõe aos grandes centros transformações do seu espaço. O desenvolvimento do capitalismo, associado a outros fatores, tem provocado uma urbanização acelerada nas últimas décadas e a concentração de vários problemas socioespaciais no interior das cidades. Essas transformações que vêm ocorrendo dão origem a uma nova forma de ação social, na qual o ordenamento urbano deve ser considerado como um exercício de controle dos espaços urbanos. Natal, como cidade de porte médio e centro político-administrativo, em virtude do descaso do poder público e dos agentes imobiliários em relação a legislação urbana, tem apresentado, nos últimos anos, um quadro de problemas socioespaciais que tem favorecido o comprometimento da qualidade de vida da sua população. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho evidenciou dois eixos principais desses problemas na Cidade: o socioeconômico e o ambiental. O socioeconômico engloba problemas ligados a emprego, moradia, segregação, transporte, saúde, educação etc; o ambiental relaciona-se a problemas de infra-estrutura, poluição em geral, destinação do lixo, devastação de dunas etc., que em seu conjunto têm favorecido a degradação da qualidade de vida de segmentos da sociedade natalense.
Palavras chaves: Crescimento urbano, problemas socioespaciais, qualidade de vida.
ABSTRACT
This paper analyses social-spatial problems of Natal city, which has been a consequence of its speedy growth in the last years and the ongoing economic model. This growth has resulted in great spatial transformations. Capitalist development, associated with other factors, has provoked an urbanization speed up in the last decades. The changes has given origin to a new form of social action. It has granted a new urban ordering, which control over space is now the order of the day. Natal is a medium-size city as well as a political-administrative center. Due to the government’s politics as well as real estate’s lack of interest in the urban legislation, social-spatial problems have been accumulated in recent years. It did not favor the quality of life of its population. Using interviews and data from official sources, it has become clear that existing urban problems have influence from the lack of infrastructure, collective equipment and services in general. Problems are of two sorts: socio-economic and environmental problems. Socio-economic problems include employment, housing, segregation, the public transport system, the health system, the educational system, etc. Environmental problems include lack of infrastructure, pollution of surface and underground waters, air pollution, rubbish collect, dune devastation, etc.
Key words: Speedy growth, social-spatial problems, quality of life.
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