NDÚSTRIA, AMBIENTE E SAÚDE: licenciamento ambiental na Europa e no Brasil (industry, environment and health: environmental authority in Europe and Brazil)
Abstract
Considerando os impactos da ação antrópica, particularmente dos processos produtivos industriais, na gênese dos problemas ambientais atuais; a relevância do papel do Estado como regulador desta relação; e a importância do licenciamento ambiental enquanto instrumento de controle e prevenção, foram estudados os estamentos legais vigentes sobre este tema na União Européia, na Espanha, na Catalúnia, no Brasil e no Ceará. A primeira parte do texto apresenta os aspectos de cada um destes estamentos, considerados mais inspiradores para um diálogo com a legislação brasileira e cearense. Na segunda parte, são apontadas dez sugestões para debate, com o objetivo de contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento da legislação brasileira no campo do licenciamento ambiental, voltadas para a ampliação da participação pública no procedimento; o melhor detalhamento do conteúdo dos estudos de impacto ambiental e da licença ambiental; a re-discussão da divisão de responsabilidades e atribuições entre estado e municípios; o controle de qualidade dos estudos realizados por empresas de consultoria; a integração, no procedimento de licenciamento, de outras dimensões fundamentais para a qualidade de vida – como a saúde, as condições de trabalho, a prevenção de acidentes; a geração e sitematização interinstitucional de dados fundamentais para o planejamento e avaliação de diversas políticas públicas e para a pesquisa.
Palavras chave: Licenciamento ambiental, problemática ambiental, qualidade de vida.
ABSTRACT
Considering the impacts of the antropic action, particularly of the industrial productive processes, on the current environmental problems; the relevance of the regulatory paper of the State in this relationsheep; and the importance of the environmental permission as a control and prevention instrument, the effective legal texts on this subject in the European Union, Spain, Catalunya, Brazil and Ceará had been studied. The first part of this article presents the more inspired aspects of each one of these texts, in the point of view of a dialogue with the Brazilian and Ceará legislation. In the second part, ten suggestions are pointed for debate, with the objective to contribute for the improvement of the Brazilian legislation, as the public participation in the procedure; the best detailing of the environemtal impact studies and the environemtal permission content; the review of the responsibilities and attributions division between state and cities; the quality control of the studies carried out by specialized enterprises; the integration, in the procedure of licensing, of other basic dimensions for the quality of life, as the health, the work conditions, the accidents prevention; the shared construction and use of basic data for the planning and evaluation of diverse public politics and for the research.
Key Words: Environmental permission, environmental problems, quality of life.
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