TERRITÓRIOS NÃO-CAPITALISTAS E REPRODUÇÃO DO CAPITAL: o papel de Rosa Luxemburgo (on the necessity of non-capitalist territories as a condition to capital reproduction: the role of Rosa Luxemburg)
Abstract
Novamente, assim como já havia feito Rosa Luxemburgo, aparecem autores que defendem a necessária permanência de territórios de formação não-capitalista como recurso para a expansão e reprodução do capital nas mais diversas escalas em que o processo pode atuar. Essas idéias são úteis para a compreensão da dinâmica espacial do capitalismo, e a maioria delas se escora na própria teoria formulada por Rosa Luxemburgo. Mesmo não concordando com a necessidade de permanência desses territórios não capitalistas, é preciso reconhecer que parte dos processos de expansão capitalista se justifica por mecanismos desse tipo. Apesar de não podermos atribuir exclusividade a essa teoria na interpretação da reprodução capitalista a partir do espaço, como quis Luxemburgo e ainda conclama Rosa Tello Robira, é inegável que a utilização de territórios de formação tipicamente não-capitalistas atuou e vem atuando no avanço dos processos que resultam na acumulação de capital. No entanto e curiosamente, Rosa Luxemburgo, que foi resgatada por muitos dos contemporâneos preocupados com o desvendamento das estratégias tipicamente espaciais de reprodução capitalista, assenta sua maior contribuição num desvio teórico, a partir de uma leitura equivocada da obra de Marx. Mas, ainda assim, a autora pode dar contribuição definitiva à compreensão da dinâmica espacial do capitalismo.
Palavras-chave: Acumulação de capital; Rosa Luxemburgo; Territórios não-capitalistas.
ABSTRACT
As Rosa Luxemburg had done, some authors still defend nowadays the necessary permanence of non-capitalist forms of territories as resources to capital expansion and capital reproduction, in the various stages of the process. These ideas are useful to the comprehension of the spacious dynamics of capitalism, and most of them are founded on the same theory formulated by Rosa Luxemburg herself. Even though we do not agree with the necessity of maintaining non-capitalist territories, it’s important to recognize that part of the capitalist expansion process can be justified by mechanisms of this kind. Despite the fact that we cannot attribute solely to this theory the interpretation of capitalist reproduction, from a spacious perspective, as claimed Luxemburg and still does Rosa Tello Robira, it’s undeniable that the use of typically non-capitalist formed territories has acted upon the development of the processes which usually result in capital accumulation. Curiously, however, Rosa Luxemburg, referred back by many contemporary thinkers concerned with the investigation of the spacious strategies of capitalist reproduction, formulated her biggest theoretical contribution on a misconception of the work of Marx. In spite of all that, the author can still provide a definite contribution to the comprehension of the spacious dynamics of capitalism.
Key Words: Capital accumulation; Rosa Luxemburg; Non-capitalist territories.
RÉSUMÉ
À la manière de Rosa Luxemburg, apparaissent de nouveaux auteurs qui défendent la nécessaire permanence de territoires de formation non-capitaliste comme ressource pour l’expansion et la reproduction du capital aux échelles les plus diverses du processus. Ces idées servent à la compréhension de la dynamique spatiale du capitalisme et s’appuient, pour une large part, sur la théorie formulée par Rosa Luxemburg. Même sans être d’accord avec la nécessité de permanence de ces territoires non-capitalistes, il faut reconnaître qu’un certain nombre de processus d’expansion capitaliste se justifie par des mécanismes de ce type. Quoique nous ne puissions attribuer l’exclusivité à cette théorie dans l’interprétation de la reproduction capitaliste à partir de l’espace, comme l’a expliqué Rosa Luxemburg dans sa théorie, reprise par Rosa Tello Robira, mais il est incontestable que l’utilisation de territoires de formation typiquement non-capitaliste a joué et continue à jouer un rôle très important dans l’avancée des processus, donnant lieu à l’accumulation de capital. La plus grande contribution de Rosa Luxemburg, pourtant et curieusement reprise par nombre de contemporains preoccupés par la découverte de stratégies typiquement spatiales de reproduction capitaliste, consiste en une relecture, définitifment fausse, de la théorie de Marx. De la même façon, la pensée de Rosa Luxemburg a pu contribuer fortement à la compréhension de la dynamique spatiale du capitalisme.
Mots-clés: Accumulation de capital; Rosa Luxemburg; Territoires non-capitalistes.
DOI: 10.4215/RM2010.0918.0003
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