ÍNDICES URBANÍSTICOS E QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL EM ÁREAS CENTRAIS DE METRÓPOLES: o caso de São Paulo (urban indexes and environmental quality in the central areas of metropolises: the case of São Paulo, Brasil)
Abstract
As atuais condições urbanísticas das áreas centrais em áreas metropolitanas pedem ações emergenciais de melhorias urbanas com a implementação de diretrizes e políticas que minimizem as ilhas de calor. As ilhas de calor produzem stress térmico, geram efeitos negativos a saúde pública e podem ser intensificadas pela falta de um planejamento adequado dos espaços públicos. Através da análise baseada na aplicação do GIS o presente trabalho pôde verificar a distribuição da cobertura vegetal urbana e a tipologia por uso e ocupação do solo por meio do mosaico de imagens de satélite de alta resolução – IKONOS II (2002) e do estudo da configuração de ilhas de calor nos Distritos da região central da cidade de São Paulo pelo ETM+/LANDSAT-7 (1999 a 2004). Embora estudos já demonstrem que a cobertura vegetal pode minimizar as ilhas de calor reduzindo os riscos na saúde pública e gerar economia energética, entretanto as transformações exigem ações estruturais baseada em diretrizes e aplicações de instrumentos de regulação urbana que buscam estabelecer a qualidade ambiental.
ABSTRACTCurrent urban conditions in central metropolitan areas demand emergency actions involving implementation of public policies and directives to minimize heat islands. Heat islands produce thermal stress and are harmful to public health, and can be intensified by the lack of adequate planning regarding public spaces. Based on analyses carried out with the application of GIS, the present study verified the distribution of urban vegetative cover and land use types using a mosaic of high resolution satellite images (IKONOS II, 2002) and ETM+/LANDSAT-7 thermal images from 1999 to 2004 in the central districts of the city of Sao Paulo. Although studies have already shown that vegetative cover can minimize heat islands, educing public health risks and energy consumption resulting from air conditioning, such transformations demand strategic actions and the application of specific instruments of urban regulation aiming to establish environmental quality.
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