POLÍTICAS AMBIENTAIS COMPARADAS ENTRE PAÍSES DO SUL: pressão antrópica em áreas de proteção ambiental urbanas (comparative environmental policies between southern countries: anthropogenic pressure in urban areas of environmental protection)
Abstract
Este texto visa comparar as políticas públicas espaciais e suas ações voltadas para as áreas de proteção ambiental urbana em duas metrópoles: São Paulo e Mumbai (Índia), tomando-se como elemento organizador a presença de florestas urbanas protegidas sob a forma de unidades de conservação (categoria II, da IUCN). Segundo Sartori (1981) ressaltar semelhanças e diferenças constitui uma forma simples, eficaz e interessante da política pública comparada, enfatizando que estes elementos podem fazer parte do discurso local. Com esta ênfase, procura-se analisar o Parque Sanjay Gandhi e o Parque Estadual da Cantareira e destacar os fatores escolhidos para a comparação, seja a transformação da floresta em área de conservação urbana ou a territorialização dos conflitos entre usos ecológico e urbano. Conclui-se o artigo com a análise das estratégias de políticas públicas..
Palavras-chave: Proteção das áreas naturais, pressão antrópica, Mumbai, São Paulo, Sanjay Ghandi National Park, Parque Estadual da Cantareira.
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to compare the spatial policies and their actions towards the urban areas of environmental protection in two cities: São Paulo (Brazil) and Mumbai (India), taking as an organizing element the presence of urban forests in the form of protected conservation areas (Category II , IUCN).Sartori (1981) highlighting similarities and differences is a simple, effective and interesting method to comparative public policies, emphasizing that these elements may be part of local discourse. With this emphasis, we attempt to analyze the Sanjay Gandhi Park and Cantareira State Park and highlight the factors chosen for comparison: the conversion of forest to urban conservation areas and territorial conflicts between environmental and urban uses. We conclude the article with the analysis of policy strategies.
Key words: Protection of natural areas, anthropic pressure, Mumbai, São Paulo, Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Cantareira State Park.
RÉSUMÉ
Cet article vise à comparer les politiques spatiales et leurs actions envers les zones de protection de l’environnement dans deux villes: São Paulo (Brésil) et Mumbai (Inde), considérant la présence de forêts urbaines protégées comme aires de conservation (Catégorie II , l’UICN). Sartori (1981) souligne que rechercher les similitudes et les différences est une manière simple, efficace et intéressant d’élaborer des politiques publiques comparés, en soulignant que ces éléments peuvent faire partie du discours local. Suivant cette approche, nous analyserons le Parc National Sanjay Gandhi et le Parc d’État de la Cantareira et mettrons en évidence les facteurs retenus pour la comparaison : la conversion des forêts en zone de conservation urbaine et les conflits territoriaux entre usages environnementaux et urbains. Nous concluons l’article par l’analyse des stratégies politiques.
Motss-clé: Aires de protection environnementale, pression anthropique, Mumbai, São Paulo, Parc National Sanjay Gandhi, Parc de l’État de la Cantareira.
DOI:10.4215/RM2010.0920.0013
Keywords
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