IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS DECORRENTES DAS ATIVIDADES DA CARCINICULTURA AO LONGO DO LITORAL CEARENSE, NORDESTE DO BRASIL (environmental impacts promoted by shrimp farm on the coast ceará, northeastern Brazil)
Abstract
As atividades de produção de camarões ao longo do litoral cearense, nordeste do Brasil, foram analisadas sob o ponto de vista da integração dos fluxos energéticos. Destacamos as análises e diagnósticos dos ambientes em relacionamento com as marés, a contribuição de sedimentos para a zona costeira e a evolução geoambiental das zonas impactadas, principalmente o ecossistema manguezal. Foi analisada a importância dos manguezais na produção, consumo e distribuição de nutrientes para a zona costeira e os impactos ambientais causados pela aqüicultura industrial do camarão em cativeiro. Definiu-se que este tipo de atividade industrial levou em conta somente os custos de mercado, sem considerar os custos e prejuízos ambientais, ecológicos, sociais e culturais e à biodiversidade. No final, foi proposto um modelo integrado de ação para a adequada utilização e gestão dos recursos naturais dos sistemas estuarinos.
Palavras-Chave: ecossistema manguezal, impactos ambientais, planejament costeiro.
ABSTRACT
The activities of shrimp production in ponds in the State of Ceará, northeast of Brazil, were analyzed from the point of the view of the integration of energy flows. We emphasized the environmental relationships with the tides dynamics, the contribution of sediments to the coastal zone and the evolution of the geoenvironmental units. We analyzed the importance of the mangroves ecosystem in the production, consumption and distribution of nutrients to the coastal zone and the environmental impacts caused by shrimp farming. We noticed that this kind of industrial activity took into account only the market costs without considering the environmental, ecological, social, and cultural and biodiversity harms. At the end, we proposed an integrated action model for the appropriate use and management of the natural resources of the estuarine system.
Key words: mangrove ecosystem, environmental impacts, coastal management.
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