PAISAGENS, GEOSSÍMBOLOS E DIMENSÕES DA CULTURA EM COMUNIDADES QUILOMBOLAS (sceneries, geosymbols and dimensions of the culture in Maroon Communities from Paraíba)
Abstract
EEste trabalho tem como objetivo interpretar as estratégias de resistência de comunidades quilombolas da Paraíba, com destaque para alguns aspectos da memória social que coloca em cena a alteridade, e também conquistas decorrentes de processos organizativos fundados num ideal democrático, cujos argumentos políticos estão respaldados em pressupostos históricos e em Tratados Internacionais ratificados pelo Estado brasileiro. Adotamos como referência para a pesquisa, duas escalas de análise: a escala estadual, com a qual trabalhamos a pesquisa documental e dados quantitativos, aportados em órgãos e portais especializados, e a escala local com a qual trabalhamos as comunidades de Caiana dos Crioulos, Pitombeira e Paratibe. Utilizamos como principais referências teóricas ANJOS (2006), RATTS (2003) e ARRUTI (2003), para abordarmos o território e a questão étnica; ALMEIDA (2004), HAESBAERT (2004a, 2008b) e ANDRADE (1995), para discutirmos o território do ponto de vista institucional e simbólico; ancoramos-nos em HALBWACHS (1990), BOSI (1992) e LE GOFF (1994) para registrar aspectos significativos da memória coletiva, dada a sua importância no processo identitário e, para nos fundamentarmos sobre os procedimentos adequados a uma abordagem oral na pesquisa, buscamos apoio em QUEIROZ (1988) e AMADO, J.; FERREIRA, M.M. (2001).
Palavras-chave: Quilombolas, território, Geografia cultural.
Abstract
This work aims to interpret the resistance strategies of maroon communities in Paraíba, highlighting some aspects of the social memory which evidences the otherness, but also achievements resulting from organizational processes grounded in the ideals of democracy, whose political support is based in historical assumptions and in International Treaties countersigned by Brazilian State. We choose as a reference to the survey two scales of analysis: the state scale, in which we work with document research and quantitative data based on information from official organs and specialized portals, and, the local scale in which we work with the maroon communities of Caiana dos Crioulos, Pitombeira, and Paratibe. We used as the main theoretical references, ANJOS (2001), RATTS (2003) and ARRUTI (2003), to approach the territory and the ethnic issue; ALMEIDA (2004), HAESBAERT (2004a) and ANDRADE (1995) to discuss the territory from the institutional and symbolic point of view; HALBWACHS (1990), BOSI (1992) and LE GOFF (1994 ) to register significant aspects of collective memory, given its importance in the identity process and, to fundament ourselves for the appropriate procedures to a oral approach in the research we sought support in QUEIROZ (1988) and AMADO, J.; FERREIRA, M.M. (2001).
Key words: Marrons, territory, Cultural Geography.
Résumé
Ce travail a pour objectif l’interprétation des stratégies de résistance de communautés quilombolas de la Paraíba, avec une attention toute particulière concernant certains aspects de la mémoire sociale que met en scène l’altérité, mais aussi les acquis provenant des processus d’organisation fondés sur un idéal démocratique, dont les arguments politiques s’appuient sur des Traités Internationaux ratifiés par l’État brésilien. Nous adoptons comme référentiel de recherche deux échelles d’analyse: l’échelle de l’État à partir de laquelle nous travaillons la recherche documentaire et les données quantitatives, présentes au sein des organismes et des portails spécialisés, et l’échelle locale à partir de laquelle nous travaillons les communautés de Caiana dos Crioulos, Pitombeira et Paratibe. Nous utilisons comme principales références théoriques ANJOS (2001), RATTS (2003) et ARRUTI (1997), pour aborder le territoire et la question éthnique; ALMEIDA (2004), HAESBAERT (2004a, 2008b) et ANDRADE (1995), pour discuter le territoire du point de vue institutionnel et symbolique; nous nous appuyons sur HALBWACHS (1990), BOSI (1992) et LE GOFF (1994 ) pour souligner des aspects significatifs de la mémoire collective, étant donné son importance dans le processus identitaire et, pour nous fonder sur les procédés adéquats à un abordage oral lors de la recherche, nous nous réfèrons à QUEIROZ (1988) et AMADO, J.; FERREIRA, M.M. (2001).
Mots clé: Quilombolas, territoire, Géographie culturelle.
DOI: 10.4215/RM2011.1022. 0007
Keywords
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