OCUPAÇÃO E FATORES SÓCIO-ECONÔMICOS DO VALE DO TREMEDAL – PARNARAMA, MA (occupation and social-economic factors of the valley of Tremedal - Parnarama, MA)
Abstract
Este artigo trata do processo de ocupação e das condições sócio-econômicas atuais do Vale do Tremedal, Parnarama (MA), e tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento do processo histórico de povoamento e as condições sócioeconômicas da população, com o propósito de colaborar para a implementação de Políticas Públicas direcionadas à promoção do desenvolvimento rural sustentável. Para levar a cabo esse objetivo, recorreu-se à pesquisa bibliográfica e à pesquisa de campo, com aplicação de formulários e entrevistas. O resultado principal, a que o estudo chegou, foi: o desvelamento de que a ocupação do Vale do Tremedal foi realizada por dois fluxos de povoamento, que ocorreram no sul do Maranhão e na bacia do rio Itapecuru, desde a segunda metade do Século XVIII, denominados de “Corrente Litorânea” e “Corrente Pastoril Baiana”. O estudo revelou também que cerca de 54,9% das famílias possui baixo padrão de vida, com renda mensal inferior a um salário mínimo; o nível educacional da população é precário, com índice de analfabetismo em torno de 41,53%, representado principalmente pela faixa etária de 25 anos em diante; a produção é essencialmente para subsistência, com o uso de técnicas predatórias ao meio ambiente, condições que estão comprometendo o processo de desenvolvimento local sustentável.
Palavras-chave: Povoamento, condições sócioeconômicas, agricultura de subsistência.
ABSTRACT
This article is about the process of occupation and of the current social and economical conditions of the Vale do Tremedal, Parnarama (MA), and has as goal to favour the knowledge about the historical process of settlement and the social and economical conditions of the population, in order to collaborate with the improvement of Public Politics towards the promotion maintainable rural development. Such goal was reached with the help of bibliographical research and field research with applications of forms and interviews. The chief result, that the study evidenced, was the fact of that the occupation of the Vale do Tremedal was fulfilled by two streams of settlement - respectively named “Coastal Current” and “Baiana Pastoral Current” that occurred in the South of Maranhão and in the basin of the Itapecuru river, since the second half of the XVIIIth century. The study also revealed that about 54,9% of the families has low standard of living, with monthly income under a minimum salary; the educational level of the opulation is unsatisfactory, with the illiteracy index about 41,53%, mostly represented by those aged over 25 years old; the production is essentially for subsistence, with predatory techniques, harmful to the environment, what commits the local and maintainable process of development.
Key-words: Settlement, social and economical conditions, substantial agriculture.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant MERCATOR the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows the sharing of the work with recognition of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to sign additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (e.g., publish in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can generate productive changes as well as increase the impact and citation of the published work (see The Effect of Free Access).
- Authors are responsible for the content of the manuscript published in the journal.