OS ENCLAVES ÚMIDOS E SUB-ÚMIDOS DO SEMI-ÁRIDO DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO (humid and sub-humid segments of the semi-arid area of the brazilian northeast)
Abstract
O semi-árido brasileiro envolve uma área de 788.064 km², equivalentes a 48 % do Nordeste e a 9,3% do Brasil. Através da sub-compartimentação de grandes unidades geossistêmicas, constata-se a relativa heterogeneidade natural da Região. No contexto geo-ecológico do semi-árido, representado pelas caatingas, há ocorrência de ambientes de exceção que configuram verdadeiros enclaves úmidos e sub-úmidos. Pretende-se no presente trabalho, estabelecer uma análise integrada do contexto geoambiental e dos recursos naturais renováveis desses enclaves úmidos e subúmidos, por Estado do Nordeste no domínio fitogeográfico das caatingas. As áreas consideradas se distribuem de modo disperso pelos sertões semi-áridos em superfícies topograficamente elevadas de relevos serranos com dimensões variadas e que são submetidas às influências de mesoclimas de altitude. Representam verdadeiras “ilhas verdes” no domínio morfoclimático das caatingas que recobrem as depressões interplanálticas e intermontanas semi-áridas. Com base nesse estudo foi possível perceber que os enclaves úmidos do semi-árido nordestino apresentam inúmeras características comuns e determinadas condições que são muito específicas. Todos eles apresentam melhores condições de umidade e temperaturas mais amenas, determinadas pela altitude e balanços hídricos superavitários durante a estação chuvosa. Possuem, de modo geral, bom potencial hídrico de superfície e solos com média a alta fertilidade natural. A cobertura vegetal primária da maioria dos enclaves está fortemente descaracterizada em função do uso desordenado. Em alguns casos, a degradação dos solos chega a atingir estágios irreversíveis, comprometendo os recursos hídricos, a biodiversidade e a qualidade de vida da população.
Palavras- chave: Semi-árido, enclaves úmidos e semiúmidos, nordeste brasileiro.
ABSTRACT
The semi-arid region of the Northeast of Brazil involves a surface area of 788,064 km², which corresponds to 48% of Northeast and 9.3% of Brazil. Through out systemic analysis of the relationship between geo-environmental components, it showed the relative natural context and of the humid and sub-humid renewable natural resources by northeastern States in the phytogeographic domain of caatingas. The referred areas are widely distributed in the semi-arid sertões, which ware sit in surfaces topographically elevated of mountain prominence with varied dimensions that are submitted to the influences of altitude meso-climates. They represent true “green islands” in the morphoclimatic domain of caatingas that recover semi-arid area in the inter-plateau and inter- mountain depressions. Based in this study, it can be verified that humid enclaves of the northeastern semi-arid presents innumerable common characteristics and certain conditions that are very specific. All they present better conditions of humidity and mild temperatures, which are heterogeneity of the region. In the geo-ecological context of the semi-arid region, represented by caatingas, there is the occurrence of exception environments that configures true humid and sub-humid enclaves. This work aims to establish an integrated analysis of the geo-environmental determined by the altitude and excess of water surplus during the rainy season. In general, they have good surface water resource potential and soil with average the high natural fertility. The primary vegetal covering of the majority of enclaves is strongly degraded due to the disordered use. In some cases, the degradation of soil reaches irreversible stages, which compromise the water resources, biodiversity and the well-being of the population.
Key words: Semi-arid region, humid and sub-humid segments, Northeast of Brazil.
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