POR UMA CIÊNCIA DOS RISCOS E VULNERABILIDADES NA GEOGRAFIA (a science of the risks and vulnerabilities to geography)
Abstract
A humanidade passou nos últimos 50 anos por intensas mudanças na sua estrutura social, econômica, cultural e ambiental. A principal marca evolutiva de nossa sociedade é o amplo processo de urbanização. Essa ebulição cultural e espacial incitou uma série de ansiedades, medos, inseguranças. Ulrich Beck denominou a sociedade pós-moderna de a “sociedade do risco”, dada a generalização de riscos diversos, perigos, vulnerabilidades, exposições, incertezas, inseguranças e medos, que são elementos típicos da sociedade atual, que é também urbana, complexa e caracterizada pelas múltiplas espacialidades. O principal objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para uma discussão teórico-conceitual sobre a noção de risco e de vulnerabilidade e, notadamente, o estabelecimento de uma Geografia dos riscos e das vulnerabilidades sociais e ambientais, com ênfase no ambiente das cidades. Para isso, fez-se uma análise de alguns dos principais referenciais teórico-metodológicos sobre a ciência dos riscos e vulnerabilidades, contribuindo com alternativas de operacionalização desses conceitos.
Palavras-chave: Risco, Vulnerabilidade, Geografia, Urbanização, Pós-Modernidade.
ABSTRACT
The humanity passed in last the 50 years for intense changes in its social, economic, cultural and environmental structure. The main evolutive mark of our society is the ample process of urbanization. This cultural and space boiling has stirred up a series of anxieties, fears, unreliabilities. Ulrich Beck called after modern a “risk society”, given the generalization of diverse risks, hazards, vulnerabilities, expositions, uncertainties, unreliabilities and fears, which are typical elements of the current society, that is also urban, complex and characterized by the multiple spaceability. The main purpose of this article is to contribute for a theoretician-conceptual quarrel on the vulnerability and risk notion and, mainly, the establishment of a Geography of the risks and of the social and environmental vulnerabilities, with emphasis on the environment of the cities. For this, we carried out an analysis of some of the main theoretical and methodological references on the science of the risks and vulnerabilities, contributing with alternatives of operacionalization of these concepts.
Key words: Vulnerability, Geography, Urbanization, After Modernity.
RÉSUMÉ
L’humanité est passée dans les dernière 50 années par d’intenses changements dans sa structure sociale, économique, culturelle et environnementale. La principale marque évolutive de notre société est l’ample processus d’urbanisation. Cette ébullition culturelle et spatiale a incité une série d’anxiétés, de peurs, d’insécurités. Ulrich Beck a qualifié la société postmoderne de “société de risque”, étant donnée la généralisation de risques divers, dangers, vulnérabilités, expositions, incertitudes, insécurités et peurs, qui sont des éléments typiques de la société actuelle, laquelle est aussi urbaine, complexe et caractérisée par multiples spacialités. Le principal objectif de cet article est de contribuer à une discussion théorique et conceptuelle sur la notion de risque et de vulnérabilité et, principalement, à l’établissement d’une Géographie des risques et des vulnérabilités sociales et environnementales, avec un accent sur l’environnement des villes. Pour cela, il est proposé une analyse de certains des principaux référentiels théoriques et méthodologiques de la science des risques et des vulnérabilités, en contribuant à des alternatives de mise en oeuvre de ces concepts.
Mots clés: Risque, Vulnérabilité, Géographie, Urbanisation, Postmodernité.
DOI: 10.4215/RM2011.1023.0007
Keywords
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